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Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around LakeTaihu in China

Yong QIU, He JING, Hanchang SHI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 301-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0236-8

摘要： Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluoro-carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs). In this paper, six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China. Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L, the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L, and the median (quartile range) values were 31.4 (34.4) and 10.4 (10.7) ng·L, respectively. Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA. The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area, and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream. PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream, downstream and north part of Lake Taihu. Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people. A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health, but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.

关键词： surface and tap water perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) Lake Taihu area ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

摘要：

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

关键词： Heavy metals Human health ambient water quality criteria Taihu Lake Health risk assessment Contribution rate

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引江济太措施对望虞河西部污染物滞留和转移风险分析

吴时强,范子武,周杰,吴修锋

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 102-108

摘要：

引水调控措施是改善太湖流域区域性水环境的应急措施，多年试验研究成果证明了引水措施的有效性。由于调水工程的复杂性以及受到诸多不确定性因素的影响，引水调控措施在改善区域水环境的同时，也会对引水沿线周边区域水环境带来一定的影响，尤其是望虞河西部区域，河网水流受阻，存在武锡澄虞河网区污水滞留或向其他地方转移的风险。针对4个引排水方案，分析了引水对河网水动力条件的变化，比较了引水对望虞河西部河网地区水质影响，分析了河网河道污水滞流时间、强度及迁移长度，评价了污水滞留风险，提出了相应的应急对策。

关键词：太湖数值模拟风险分析引水调控望虞河西部

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Organophosphate esters in sediment from Taihu Lake, China: Bridging the gap between riverine sourcesand lake sinks

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1464-9

摘要：

• Eleven OPEs were detected in river sediment and lake sediment in Taihu Lake.

关键词： Organophosphate esters Partition Vertical distribution Composition profile Positive matrix factorization

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Quantitative characterization of Cu binding potential of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment from TaihuLake using multiple techniques

Yuan ZHANG,Yan ZHANG,Tao YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 666-674 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0608-y

摘要： Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in heavy metal speciation and distribution in the aquatic environment especially for eutrophic lakes which have higher DOM concentration. Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater and a high eutrophic lake in the downstream of the Yangtze River, China. In the lake, frequent breakout of algae blooms greatly increased the concentration of different organic matters in the lake sediment. In this study, sediment samples were collected from various part of Taihu Lake to explore the spatial difference in the binding potential of DOM with Cu. The titration experiment was adopted to quantitatively characterize the interaction between Cu(II) and DOM extracted from Taihu Lake sediments using ion selective electrode (ISE) and fluorescence quenching technology. The ISE results showed that the exogenous DOM had higher binding ability than endogenous DOM, and DOM derived from aquatic macrophytes had a higher binding ability than that derived from algae. The fluorescence quenching results indicated that humic substances played a key role in the complexation between DOM and Cu(II) in the lake. However, because of the frequent breakout of algae blooms, protein-like matters are also main component like humic matters in Taihu Lake. Therefore, the metals bound by protein-like substances should be caused concern as protein-like substances in DOM were unstable and they will release bound metal when decomposed.

关键词： binding ability dissolved organic matters fluorescence quenching complex capacity Taihu Lake

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Assessment on contaminations in sediments of an intake and the inflow canals in Taihu Lake, China

Xiaolong WANG,Shiming DING,Qi ZHANG,Weiping HU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 665-674 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0701-x

摘要： As the second largest freshwater lake in China, Taihu Lake provides water supply to approximately 32 million inhabitants around the lake. However, dramatically increased pollution has threatened the safety of drinking water supply in recent years. In the present study, we investigated the contaminations of nutrients and heavy metals in the sediments of an intake and inflow canals in Gonghu Bay, Taihu Lake. Moreover, we also examined the impact of human activities on spatial distribution characteristics of contaminations. Our results showed that the intake presented relatively lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared with inflow canals. However, the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the intake exceeded the lowest effect level (LEL) values, indicating a potential risk to drinking water resource. In addition, the concentrations of Ni in the sediments of Tianji Canal and Jinshu Canal exceeded the severe effect level (SEL) value. More importantly, the concentrations of Cu in the sediments of Tianji Canal exceeded three times of the SEL value. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed that the domestic sewage primarily contributed to the nutrient accumulation, and the leakage of electronic trash dominated the enrichment of metals in the sediments. Taken together, more effort should be made to ensure the security of water resources in Taihu Lake, especially for the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.

关键词： drinking water resource nutrients heavy metals sediments Taihu Lake

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太湖无锡水域生态清淤及淤泥处理技术探讨

王鸿涌

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 108-112

摘要：

在全面简述无锡湖泊治污、修复生态、维护湖泊健康生命实践的基础上，重点介绍了湖泊生态清淤和淤泥资源化利用的实践和思考。

关键词：太湖无锡水域清淤固化

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东太湖湖泊水面萎缩的状况及影响

魏清福

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 123-126

摘要：

东太湖是长江中下游地区典型的草型湖泊，是太湖的浅水湖湾和主要出水通道，也是上海市、浙江省杭嘉湖城镇供水取水口的主要来水水源和江苏省吴江市的供水水源地，具有防洪、供水、水生态环境保护和水产养殖等多种功能。近半个世纪以来在自然和人为因素的长期作用下，东太湖水面不断缩小，湖泊形态和水生态环境遭到严重破坏，湖泊衰亡进程加快，其行洪、供水、水生态环境保护等湖泊良好的服务功能无法正常发挥。回顾东太湖的演变历程，初步探讨了东太湖水面萎缩的现状及对湖泊功能的影响，并针对目前规划采取的治理措施提出了几点看法，供湖泊治理参考。

关键词：东太湖水面萎缩影响关键技术

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different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using sediment-extracted organic matter from TaihuLake, China

Yan ZHANG,Yuan ZHANG,Tao YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 510-518 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0588-y

摘要： The complex capacity of different types of organic matters (OMs) for Cu was quantitatively studied by simulation experiments using different adsorbents prepared from the sediment in Taihu Lake. The free Cu was measured with ion selective electrode (ISE) and complex capacity was calculated using a conditional formation constant model. The result indicated that the complex capacity was 0.048 mmol·g , 0.009 and 0.005 mmol·g for raw sediment, sediment without DOM, sediment without insoluble organic matters but with DOM and sediment without OM. Insoluble organic matter played a major role in the sorption of Cu in sediment and it can adsorb most Cu from water column. In the solution, Cu mainly existed as a complex with DOM and the DOM-Cu complexation capacity was 327.87 mg·g . The change of TOC and pH indicated ion-exchange in the interaction between free Cu and DOM. When the Cu concentration in the experiment reached the complex capacity of DOM, precipitation was the major mechanism to remove Cu from water phase, which was observed from UV absorbance change of DOM, that is, its aromaticity increased while molecular weight decreased. The desorption result indicated that DOM was more capable of desorbing Cu from adsorbents without OM than adsorbent with OM. The desorbed quantity with DOM was 1.65, 1.78 and 2.25 times higher than that with water for adsorbents without OM, raw adsorbents (sediment) and adsorbents without DOM.

关键词： interaction dissolved organic matters sediment sorption desorption Taihu Lake

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太湖流域印染废水为主的城镇污水处理厂提标技术研究

吴海锁,许明,张敏健,刘伟京,喻学敏,吴伟

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 54-59

摘要：

采用调节—厌氧水解—A/O（PACT）—高效澄清池—过滤组合工艺处理综合印染废水。开展了中试试验研究和示范工程研究，研究结果表明：中试系统运行稳定，对COD、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均去除率分别为93.2 %，93.9 %，90.2 %,70.8 %，96.3 %；厌氧COD平均去除率分别为48.1 %；色度平均去除率分别为75.7 %；A/O（PACT）工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果明显，混凝沉淀工艺则对总磷去除效果最理想；中试研究和示范工程出水水质稳定，各项指标均满足《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》（DB32/1072-2007）。

关键词：太湖流域印染废水脱氮除磷示范工程

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太湖流域农业经营集约化管理研究

史健鹏,金苗,任泽,黄贤忠,李旭祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 104-107

摘要：

就解决太湖水体富营养化最主要的污染源——农业面污染源，根据微观经济学原理建立了农业集约化管理模型。以GIS为平台估算其耕地面积和化肥的科学施用量，用SPSS相关性分析当地居民的问卷调查，对集约化管理产生的经济效益和环境效益进行详细分析，得出农业面源污染物总氮、总磷排放比2005年各下降21 %和16 %。结论显示在太湖流域套用集约化管理能够很好地控制农业面污染源，将农业面污染源的问题与实际社会成本、农业体制改革结合，从根本上解决农业面污染源。

关键词：太湖农业面源污染集约化管理 GIS SPSS

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太湖流域生态文明城市建设量化指标体系的初步研究

朱增银,李冰,高鸣,田爱军

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 131-136

摘要：

生态城市是现代城市达到自然、社会、经济三类子系统协调复合的唯一途径，生态文明城市是生态城市建设的高级阶段并开始成为我国城市环保工作的新潮流和新目标，建立一套成熟可行的生态文明城市量化指标体系具有重要意义。以太湖流域某城市的实践为例，在分析生态城市与生态文明内涵的基础上，结合城市复合生态系统和人类生态学理论，认为环保模范城市、生态市、生态文明市是我国生态城市建设工作的低、中、高三个层次和阶段，生态文明城市指标应具备先行成果的承续性和创新领域的先进性，以此提出太湖流域生态文明城市量化指标的设计原则、基本框架和建议指标。

关键词：生态文明指标体系量化太湖流域

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mechanism of the precursors of N-chloro-2,2-dichloroacetamide in a drinking water treatment process at TaihuLake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1338-6

摘要：

• N-Cl-DCAM, an emerging N-DBP in drinking water was investigated.

关键词： N-chloro-2 2-dichloroacetamide Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry Precursors Removal efficiency Ozonation integrated with biological activated carbon

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distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the Dianchi Lake

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0231-0

摘要： Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P), and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.

关键词： estuary sedimentary area phosphorus (P) spatial distribution human activity the Dianchi Lake

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滇池北部重点水域蓝绿藻季节性变动下水体N∶P比值变化研究

何锋,段昌群,杜劲松,韩亚平,郭艳英,潘珉,宋任彬

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 94-98

摘要：

受多种因素影响，滇池外海北部水域为蓝藻富集区。调查研究了蓝藻生物量季节性变动规律，对区域原水（不过滤）和净水（过滤了藻类）中N和P含量的变化也进行了监测。目的是研究蓝藻季节性消长对水体N和P含量的影响。结合生态化学计量学理论和方法，分析两者之间的关系。研究表明， 4—11月，为蓝藻水华爆发的时段，其中以5—9月最为严重。通过分析，水体N和P随蓝藻生物量呈现相应变动规律，水体叶绿素和TN，TP之间都呈现正相关关系，相关系数分别为0.955 和0.952 。利用生态化学计量学分析，蓝藻和水体中N∶P比值没有固定性，表明蓝藻没有表现出强烈的化学计量特征，而蓝藻的季节性变动也没有导致本区域水体具化学计量特性。通过分析滇池水体N∶P比值与蓝藻生物量变化之间相关关系,相关系数为-0.308，表明富营养化水体中N∶P比率对蓝藻生物量直接影响不大。因此,只有通过降低水体中N和P的浓度，才能控制蓝藻的爆发。

关键词：滇池蓝绿藻 N∶P比值变化生态化学计量学